math namespace

Overview

The math namespace groups together Pine Script’s advanced mathematical utilities. It provides constants (math.pi, math.e), rounding helpers, power/logarithmic functions, trigonometric conversions, and statistical helpers you can compose with ta.* indicators or your own calculations.

Most math.* functions output series float values. Cast back to int with int() when you need integers (e.g., for plot shapes or loops).

Common helpers

Group	Helper examples
Constants	math.pi, math.tau, math.e
Rounding	math.round(x), math.floor(x), math.ceil(x), math.round_to_mintick(x)
Algebra	math.min(a, b), math.max(a, b), math.abs(x), math.pow(x, y), math.sqrt(x)
Exponential/log	math.exp(x), math.log(x), math.log10(x)
Trigonometry	math.sin(x), math.cos(x), math.tan(x), math.asin(x), math.acos(x), math.atan(x)
Angle conversion	math.radians(deg), math.degrees(rad)

Remarks

• All angles are expressed in radians. Convert a degree input with math.radians(deg) and recover degrees via math.degrees(rad).
• When you need rolling statistics on series values, pair math utilities with ta.* functions (e.g., ta.variance, ta.stdev).
• Use math.round_to_mintick(x) when you need to align prices to the symbol’s minimum tick size.

Example

//@version=6
indicator("math namespace example", overlay=false, max_labels_count=1)

len = input.int(50, "Window", minval=5)

// Convert close-to-close returns to z-score, then squash to [-1, 1] via atan.
returns = math.log(close / close[1])
mean = ta.sma(returns, len)
variance = ta.variance(returns, len)
sigma = math.sqrt(variance)

zScore = sigma > 0 ? (returns - mean) / sigma : 0.0
bounded = (2.0 / math.pi) * math.atan(zScore)

plot(bounded, "Bounded z-score", color=color.new(color.blue, 0))
hline(0, "Zero", color=color.gray)
hline(0.5, "+0.5", color=color.new(color.green, 60))
hline(-0.5, "-0.5", color=color.new(color.red, 60))

if barstate.islast
    label.new(bar_index, bounded,
        text = "pi ~= " + str.tostring(math.pi, format.mintick),
        style = label.style_label_left,
        textcolor = color.white,
        bgcolor = color.new(color.blue, 70))

See Also

• float()
• int()
• ta
• map()